Cambodian Languages: Knowing These 16 Facts Helps You Learn Cambodian Language More Easily

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The origin of human language may be related to our ancestors' use of symbols and sounds for communication. Initially, humans may have conveyed information by imitating animal voices, using gestures and body language.

With the development of the brain and the improvement of cognitive ability, humans have begun to form more complex language systems.

Today we will list some questions about Cambodian language raised by tourists before their trip to Cambodia and provide detailed answers, hoping that you find it helpful！

What language is mostly spoken in Cambodia?

- Khmer language

Khmer man farmer countryside

Khmer, also known as Cambodian, is the most popular language in Cambodia. It is spoken by nearly 90% of the population. Besides, there are minority languages in Cambodia, such as Cham, Jarai, Kuy, Tumpoon, Chong, etc.

Khmer language belongs to the Mon Khmer language family of the South Asian language family. Among them, the South Asian language family is a wide range of languages, including multiple languages, such as Bengali, Vietnamese, and Sri Lankan Sinhala.

Are there any dialects in Cambodia?

- Yes, there are regional dialects in Cambodia.

Royal Palace, Phnom Penh

Dialects are developed and used in different regions and communities in Cambodia, giving the language local characteristics and diversity.

Understanding the dialects of Cambodia can help people better understand the language and culture of the local people, which may have certain significance for communication and integration into the local community!

The most prominent dialect is the Phnom Penh dialect, which is considered the standard and widely understood throughout the country. Other dialects may vary in pronunciation and vocabulary but are generally mutually intelligible.

Beside, Phnom Penh is a vibrant city as the capital city of Cambodia. You can absolutely expect lots of things to do in Phnom Penh!

What regions are the languages of ethnic minorities in Cambodia distributed in?

- These ethnic minority groups are mainly concentrated in the eastern and northern border areas of Cambodia.

Bunong people

In addition to Khmer people, there are some ethnic groups in Cambodia, some of which use their own languages. Each ethnic minority group has its own unique language and culture.

The following are the main ethnic minority groups and their language distribution in Cambodia:

Bunong: mainly distributed in the Mondulkiri Province of southeastern Cambodia, they use the Bunong language.

Kra: includes subgroups such as Kro, Otdam, and Puoud, mainly distributed in Ratanakiri and Stung Treng provinces in northeastern Cambodia.

Cham: mainly distributed in Kampot Province, Sihanoukville, and other areas in southwestern Cambodia. They use Cham, a Malay Bosnian language family.

Other ethnic minorities: There are also some other ethnic groups in Cambodia, such as the Sau and Pra ethnic groups, mainly distributed in areas such as Battambang and Banteay Meanchey provinces in northwestern Cambodia.

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Is there a connection between Thai and Khmer?

- Yes, there is a certain linguistic connection between Thai and Khmer.

Buddhist monks in front of Angkor Wat

Thai and Khmer belong to the Southeast Asian language family, which includes many languages similar to Thai and Khmer. Thai and Khmer have some common vocabulary, grammar, and phonetic features, which reflect a certain linguistic connection between them.

Due to the geographical proximity and historical exchanges between Cambodia and Thailand, there are some lexical and linguistic similarities between the two languages.

However, there are differences between Cambodian and Thai cultures in certain aspects, which may affect the habits and ways of language expression.

For example, Thailand has been strongly influenced by Indian culture and civilization in its history, especially in terms of language, literature, art, and architecture. Cambodia, on the other hand, was strongly influenced by Hinduism and the Angkor dynasty, with unique cultural and architectural styles.

Is Khmer a hard language?

- It can be challenging!

Khmer script incised on palm leaves

Language of Cambodia can be challenging for English speakers due to its different script, pronunciation, and tonal system. It has a complex vowel system and six distinct tones that can change the meaning of words.

Learning any new language requires a certain amount of time and effort, and Khmer is no exception. Although Khmer may pose certain challenges for non-native speakers, through perseverance and appropriate learning methods, you can gradually master it. 

Here are some suggestions:

Find suitable online learning materials for oneself

Imitate the pronunciation of native speakers

Learn basic vocabulary and common expressions

Grammar learning

Practice and Immersion

As a foreigner, can I take a language certification for Khmer?

- As a foreigner, you can obtain a language certificate in Khmer.

Cambodian students

Cambodia provides some language exams and certificates to test and evaluate the Khmer language proficiency of foreigners. Among them, the most famous is the Cambodian language proficiency test recognized by the Ministry of Education of Cambodia, known as "Pralong Cheung Neak Phas Khmer".

This exam is divided into several levels, ranging from beginner to advanced. By taking the exam and meeting the corresponding requirements, you can obtain a certificate at the corresponding level to prove your Khmer language proficiency.

If you have obtained a Cambodian language certificate, you can engage in various professions in Cambodia or related fields.

You can serve as a translator or interpreter between Khmer and other languages, helping people engage in cross-cultural communication and exchange ideas.

You can become a Khmer language teacher, teaching Khmer as a second language to foreign students or non-native speakers. You can also work as an educator in a language training center or school.

Cambodia is a popular tourist destination, and if you can speak Khmer fluently, you can work as a tour guide, receptionist, or tourism consultant in the tourism industry.

How do tones in the language of Cambodia affect understanding?

- High, low, rising, falling, short and long.

Independent Khmer vowels

Tones play a crucial role in Khmer language. The same combination of consonants and vowels can have different meanings depending on the tone used. Mastering tones is important for accurate communication in Khmer.

So the intonation of Cambodian language gives a slight upward or downward feeling. This intonation pattern gives Khmer a unique rhythm that sounds relatively gentle.

If you want to have more communication and practice with native Khmer speakers, you can try participating in local language exchange activities, joining language learning groups, or establishing connections with local residents.

This can provide more opportunities to hear authentic Khmer language and improve one's language skills! We recommend you to learn more popular holidays in Cambodia to find multiple clubs here.

How does the writing of Khmer language work?

- These curves and circular elements give a soft and cute feeling!

Khmer sub-consonantes

The Khmer alphabet is a unique writing system that requires some practice and familiarity to master. For beginners, it is important to understand the basic shape of Khmer letters, the position and combination rules of vowels and consonants.

Khmer letters are usually circular or square, with additional symbols and markings. They are written horizontally from left to right, with no spacing between the letters.

If you are interested in learning the writing and use of Khmer letters, you can refer to relevant learning materials, courses, or seek guidance from Khmer language teachers. This will help you better understand and master the writing system of Khmer.

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What are the benefits of using Khmer language in social situations in Cambodia?

- A sense of connection and goodwill!

Cambodian local family

Using the language of Cambodia in social situations can create a sense of connection and goodwill with the local people. It shows that you have made an effort to learn about their culture, and it can lead to more authentic and meaningful interactions, fostering a deeper understanding of Cambodia and its people.

For example, you can use Khmer to inquire about the routes and ticket prices of famous Cambodian attractions such as Angkor Wat, Royal Palace of Cambodia, and Sihanoukville.

When shopping or dining in Cambodia, using Khmer can help you communicate better with merchants and servers. You can use Khmer to inquire about prices, purchase goods, order dishes, or inquire about the characteristics and flavors of food.

Can I bargain while shopping in Cambodia?

- Bargaining is common in traditional markets and smaller shops in Cambodia.

Cambodian street vendor

You can politely negotiate the price by saying "Som loi?" which means "Can you lower the price?" or "P'leeay mah p'rahok" which means "Give me a discount, please".

Merchants usually don't get angry because you use simple Khmer language. On the contrary, they may be happy with your efforts and communicate with you in a friendly manner.

When bargaining with vendors in Khmer, try to maintain a friendly and respectful attitude. This includes smiling, using appropriate polite language, and showing interest and enthusiasm for the product.

Through friendly interaction, you can better integrate into local culture and establish good relationships with vendors! In Pub street Siem Reap, you can find diverse food and drinks, feel free to start your bargaining trip in Cambodia!

How do you say hello in Khmer?

- ជំរាបសួរ (chom-reap-suor)：[chɔm reəp suə] = Hello!

Khmer greeting of Sompeas

When it comes to the pronunciation of Khmer, using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a universal way to represent phonemes and phonemes. The following are some common Khmer greetings and their pronunciation in English phonetic symbols:

អរុណ​សួស្តី (Arun sok sabay)：[ɑːrʊn sɔk sɑˈbaɪ] = Good morning

ទិវា​សួស្តី (Tivea sok sabay)：[tiːˈveə sɔk sɑˈbaɪ] = Good afternoon

រាត្រី​សួស្តី (Reatrey sok sabay)：[riːˈtreɪ sɔk sɑˈbaɪ] = Good evening

រាត្រី​សួរ​សប្បា​យ៍ (Reatrey sok sabaay)：[riːˈtreɪ sɔk saˈbɑːj] = Good night

លាស់បុណ្យ (Lea hei)：[liː hɛɪ] = Goodbye

អរគុណ (Orkun)：[ɔːrˈkʊn] = Thank you

សុំទោស (Som dtoh)：[sɔm dɔː] = Sorry

អរគុណ​ច្រើន (Orkun ch'ranh)：[ɔːrˈkʊn tʃræn] = It’s okay

សុំ (Som)：[sɔm] = Please

បាទ (Baht)：[bɑːt] = Yes

អត់ (Otay)：[ɔˈteɪ] = No

Please note that the transcription in parentheses is only an approximate way of using Latin letters to represent the pronunciation of language in Cambodia.

The actual pronunciation may be influenced by personal accents and dialects, so it is best to hear and imitate the pronunciation of local people in practice.

Do Cambodians generally speak English?

- English has different levels of popularity in different regions

Cambodia English Class

English proficiency varies among Cambodians. In urban areas, especially in major tourist destinations and among younger generations, you can find a good number of people who speak English to some extent. However, in rural areas, English proficiency may be limited.

Beside, Cambodian people can speak English because of history, education, tourism, economic development and other factors. Although the English level of Cambodians may vary depending on their personal background and education level, English is widely used in Cambodians.

For example, English plays an important role in Cambodia's education system. Many schools and universities offer English courses and make English a compulsory subject.

Secondly, the tourism industry in Cambodians has developed rapidly in the past decades, attracting a large number of international tourists. Therefore, many Cambodians learn English to communicate with tourists and provide services.

Do Cambodians generally speak French?

- French speakers are mostly in elderly population

French architecture in Kampot,Cambodia

The use of French is relatively more common among the older generation in Cambodia. This is because in the past Cambodian colonial period, France had a great influence on Cambodia, and French became the official language and educational language. Therefore, many older Cambodians can speak some French.

France's colonial rule over Cambodia lasted for nearly a century, during which Cambodia suffered many adverse effects, including resource plunder, population exploitation, and cultural oppression.

This period of history had a profound impact on Cambodia and left many challenges in subsequent political and social development.

However, not all young people have a sense of resistance towards French. Some young people are still interested in French and recognize its value in tourism, cultural exchange, and specific professional fields.

In addition, French is still one of the teaching languages in some high-end schools and universities in Cambodia, so some students still choose to learn French.

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If children born during the French colonial period speak French or are they taught to speak Khmer?

- Cambodians born during the French colonial period usually have bilingual ability and can speak French and Khmer fluently.

Angkor Wat replica at the colonial exhbition in France in 1931

Children born during the French colonial period were usually influenced by the French colonial regime, so they often spoke French. In Cambodia at that time, French was one of the official languages and was widely used in government, education, business and other fields.

Many Cambodians have received French education, including learning French in schools and using French in family settings.

However, this does not mean that they do not speak the official language in Cambodia. As a native language, it is still widely used in Cambodian society. In family and social environments, these children may use Khmer to communicate with family and friends.

However, an individual's language ability may vary depending on factors such as family background, educational level, and environment. Some people may prefer to use French, while others use Khmer more.

What should I be mindful of when using body language and gestures in Cambodia?

- In Cambodia, it is important to be aware of cultural norms and customs regarding body language and gestures.

Tourists have a picture taken in front of royal palace

Avoid pointing with your feet, as it is considered disrespectful. The traditional "sampeah" greeting, placing your palms together at chest level and bowing slightly, is a polite gesture to show respect.

In Cambodian culture, some body language or behavior is considered impolite or inappropriate.

1. Touching someone's head is considered disrespectful behavior, as the head is considered the most sacred part in Cambodian culture. Please avoid touching the heads of others, including children.

2. Cross legged posture is considered impolite in Cambodian culture, especially when facing or sitting in front of elders or important people. It's best to keep your feet on the ground.

3. Pointing at others or objects with your toes or shoes is considered disrespectful. Please try to avoid this posture, especially in temples or other religious places.

Is the expression of Cambodians euphemism or publicity?

- In contrast, English may be more direct and straightforward in some situations.

A friendly scene: Foreign tourists and local residents

In English culture, people tend to express their thoughts and opinions directly, and may use a more direct language style.

In Khmer, people usually use some euphemism to express their views and try to avoid conflict or discomfort. They also pay more attention to face preservation and social harmony.

However, it is worth noting that expression methods may vary from person to person, and different individuals may have different expression habits and preferences.

In addition, Cambodian society is also influenced by modern culture and international influence, and the younger generation may be more open and direct.

In the end

Alright, that's the end of today's article. We hope this answer can provide you with sufficient assistance. Language is a vocal art, and in Cambodia, a charming Southeast Asian country, there are more interesting things waiting for you to complete!

We provide professional travel guides and can also help you schedule one-on-one itineraries. If you're excited, feel free to contact us to tailor your Cambodia tour! Wishing you a pleasant journey!